Selasa, 10 Mei 2011

Johann Gutenberg printing press inventor figures 1400-1468

Commonly considered the inventor Johann Gutenberg printing press. What he actually did was to develop the first method involved the use of print and the printing press in the form such a way that the various kinds of written material can be printed quickly and accurately.
There was no finding that jumped out of one's thoughts, not even the printing press. Seals and seal spheres adhere to the principle that the process is similar to block printing was known in China for centuries before Gutenberg was born and the evidence shows that in the year 868 AD a printed book was discovered in China. A similar process has been known in Europe before Gutenberg. Print block allows printing many copies of certain books. This process has one big disadvantage: because a new and complete set of woodcut or metal must be made to a book, by itself it is not practical to print a wide variety of books.
Often called the most important contributions was the discovery in the field of Gutenberg printing letters that can move. In this case too similar things have been discovered in China around the middle of the 11th century AD by a man named Pi Sheng. The letters original print made from a kind of land that can not be durable. Meanwhile, some Chinese and Koreans have done a series of improvements and work well before Gutenberg. The Koreans use metal printing letters, and the Korean government helped a smelter to produce printed letters at the beginning of the 15th century AD Apart from all this, is also wrong to assume Pi Sheng had a special influence. At the first level, Europeans do not learn to print letters move from China but on his own creations. Second, the printing by way of printed letters move has never been used in general in China's own until just recently when modern printing procedures they learned from the West.
There are four essential components of modern way of printing. First, print letters that move, following some adjustment procedures and placement of letters established. Second, the printing press itself. Third, matching ink to produce prints. Fourth, the materials such as paper to print them. Paper has been found in China years before the printing press by Ts'ai Lun and its use was widespread in Europe before the days of Gutenberg. That is the only element of the Gutenberg printing process that is ready to be. Although others have done all kinds of work on each component, but Gutenberg has successfully assorted improvements. For example, he developed a metal alloy for printing letters poured molten metal to block print letters correctly and accurately; oil printing ink and pressure equipment needed to print.
However, the overall contribution of Gutenberg mind is bigger than anyone else in terms of perfecting the printing press. Its importance lies in its success mainly combines all the elements of the printing press to be an effective and productive system. Therefore, printing machines, in contrast with other previous findings, a large-scale production process are key. Sepucuk rifle itself is far more effective than a bow and arrow. A printed book is not much different from the results of a handwritten book. Excess printing machine thus lies in its massive production terms. What has been developed by Gutenberg was not the invention of a device or reason, and not just a series of improvements, but a complete production process.
Biographical Treasury Gutenberg us about yourself so rare, we only know he was born in Germany around 1400 AD in the city of Mainz. His contributions to the art prints in the mid-century prints and terbagusnya job - what is called the Gutenberg Bible - printed in Mainz around the year 1454 AD Oddly, the name of Gutenberg was never listed in any book, nor in the Gutenberg Bible, although he himself clearly printed by means of discovery.
Gutenberg did not ever appear as a businessman, he really had no desire to money from his invention. He was frequently involved with court charges resulting in the need for him to pay ransom in the form of equipment furnished to his friend named Johann Fust. Gutenberg died in 1468 in the town of Mainz.
One of the Gutenberg influence in world history can be profitable if we associate with the development in China and Europe in the next period. At the time of Gutenberg was born, the two regions was almost as advanced. But after Gutenberg invented printing European darted forward with the speed, while China - which still uses the block print - its development is rather slow. Maybe too much if we say the development of printing the only factors that cause different degrees of progress, but the findings clearly have important meaning that can not be removed.
Also worth noting if only three people in this book list live in the five centuries before Gutenberg, while sixty-seven live in the five centuries after Gutenberg's death. This shows how the invention Gutenberg very meaningful - even can be called an important discovery - in relation to the progress of the revolution trigger the withdrawal of the modern era.
Alexander Graham Bell may not even born into the world but the phone remains found at the same time in history. So also could take a sample of other inventions, without Gutenberg, the invention of modern printing will be delayed a few generations, and measured its effects from the great, unmistakable Gutenberg to honor the order listed in this book.

Ferdinand Magellan 1480-1521

Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan's expedition leaders heralded as the first round of the universe. Expedition may be the greatest journey in the history of mankind. Total long the whole journey covers a little less than three years. Of the five ships of small size, the slow, fragile Magellan used, only one ship capable of returning to Europe safely, and of 265 sailors who participated, only 18 who come home alive! Magellan himself alone, including one who died on the way (even after he exceeded the time of the most difficult and dangerous). But in the end the expedition was successful, and bring proof that the world is really round.
It is very clear, the success of this expedition, in essence related to the leadership of Magellan with a steely determination. Many of his men who wanted to return after only a few months to take cruises, and surely not compelled Magellan could not suppress their rebellious intentions and determined to continue his intentions. The combination of expertise and stability determination make him considered the greatest sailors and explorers of all sailors, navigators that ever existed.
Real influence of what actually accomplish little. The Europeans who learned already as a mere indeed understand this earth round, not square and not flattened nor like a piece of board. And the route taken by Magellan nor become an important trade route. Nothing like a trip Vasco da Gama, Magellan's trip did not have a major impact both for Europe and the East. Therefore, despite his courage, fame, is not sufficient that the group signed a hundred.

Challenge Ki Ageng Kedu

That the Holy Sunan was a tall and powerful Guardians knowledgeable society is understandable, but there is one who feels more powerful than the Sunan Kudus. The man named Ki Ageng Kedu. A powerful body only has the science of relief in such a way that just by throwing a winnowing tray and then he jumped into the air to rest on the winnowing that he too can fly according to her wishes.
One day the curious Ki Ageng Kedu of supernatural power of the Holy Sunan want to try to contest his supernatural powers. As usual, he took a winnowing tray and then flew to the holy area. People who see it feel awe and wonder, Ki Ageng Kedu slip by so quickly over people's homes. When Ghost was in the area he did not go straight down from tampahnya, mala laughter around the Holy city. Sunan Muridmurid Holy been curious to see kepongahannya, but it has not come out of Sunan Holy Mosque, he was still reading dhikr after prayer. He also did not feel surprised when out of the mosque to see Ki Ageng Kedu yelling her name.
"O Holy Sunan come on out! Face Ki Ageng Kedu I want to challenge you shoot magic! "
Suddenly the Holy Sunan menundingkan hand toward Ki Ageng Kedu while saying, "I'm here Ki Ageng Kedu!"
Immediate blood tersirap Ki Ageng Kedu. Winnowing the driving suddenly shaky here and there. Uncontrolled again, his body suddenly turned into a light weight and immediately sucked in by the force of gravity, even as it struck down by a supernatural power that is not visible to the eye. Ki Ageng Kedu body thrown into the muddy ground, which
in the Javanese language called Jember, until now where it fell Ki Ageng Kedu called Jember.
After collapsing to the ground is muddy and dirty, all the magic Ki Ageng Kedu vanished instantly. He has turned into a human being, unable to fly again as before.

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